The separation of out-of-plane displacement from in-plane components by fringe carrier method based on large image-shearing ESPI

A fringe carrier method for separating out-of-plane displacement from in-plane components based on large image-shearing electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is presented. If the test object is respectively illuminated by two expanded symmetric illuminations in large image-shearing ESPI, two interferometers are formed. Carrier fringe patterns can be introduced by tilting reference surface a small angle. The carrier fringe patterns are demodulated after deformation of the object. Two phase maps, which include out-of-plane and in-plane displacement, can be obtained by using Fourier transform. Then out-of-plane displacement can be easily separated from in-plane displacement by simple operation between two unwrapped phase distributions. The principle of spatial carrier frequency modulation in large image-shearing ESPI is discussed. A typical three-point-bending experiment is completed. Experimental results are offered. The results show that the method offers high visibility of carrier fringes. And the system presented does not need a special beam as a reference light and has simple optical setup.     

天然高分子药物微球载体材料的研究进展

综述了国内外在天然高分子药物微球载体材料研究及应用中的进展状况,主要从天然高分子药物微球载体材料的分类、微球的制备方法及特点、载药微球的给药途径和应用等进行概括,并对目前所存在的问题进行了描述。     

液膜稳定性的研究

利用单滴法对三种表面活性剂的液膜体系的稳定性进行了研究，重点考察了载体的影响，讨论了介质与表面活性剂，介质与载体，载体与表面活性剂的相互作用对液膜稳定性的影响，并根据膜强度数据，给出了液膜稳定的条件。     

Beiträge zur Chemie der Pyrrolpigmente, 44. Mitt.: Gallenfarbstoffe als Ionophore

The carrier mediated transport of cations using model compounds of the verdinoid and rubinoid bile pigment structural type as ionophores is studied. Verdinoid bile pigments turn out to be very effective carriers for cations exhibiting a pronounced selectivity for certain transition metal ions like Cr^+-+, Fe⁺⁺, Cu⁺⁺ and Zn⁺⁺. The scope of this behaviour of verdinoid bile pigments is compared to [18]-crown-6 and meso-tetraphenylporphin and is discussed with regard to structural, biological, analytical and technical implications.

     

The transitional isoelectric focusing process

The transitional isoelectric focusing (IEF) process (the course of pH gradient formation by carrier ampholytes (CAs) and the correlation of the focusing time with CA concentration) were investigated using a whole-column detection capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) system. The transitional double-peak phenomenon in IEF was explained as a result of migration of protons from the anodic end and hydroxyl ions from the cathodic end into the separation channel and the higher electric field at both acidic and basic sides of the separation channel. It was observed that focusing times increase logarithmically with CA concentration under a constant applied voltage. The correlation of focusing time with CA concentration was explained by the dependence of the charge-transfer rate on the amount of charged CAs within the separation channel during focusing.     

高分子填料在生物法处理废水中的应用进展

对生物法处理废水用的高分子填料进行了综述。首先,从无机高分子填料、有机高分子填料两方面介绍了其应用特点及对废水中有机物的作用机理和去除效果;其次,介绍了新型生物填料,主要从生物亲和亲水磁性填料和酶促生物填料两方面介绍其在废水处理中的应用。     

Capillary isoelectric focusing-mass spectrometry for shotgun approach in proteomics

We report on capillary isoelectric focusing-mass spectrometry (CIEF-MS) of complex peptide mixtures in the absence of carrier ampholytes. Furthermore, the use of low concentrations of carrier ampholytes as mere spacers is investigated. Carrier ampholytes are complex mixtures of amphoteric compounds with high buffering capacity. Since all peptides are amphoteric compounds by themselves, the use of carrier ampholytes may be superfluous to establish a stable pH gradient in CIEF analysis of protein digests. Our research showed that when carrier ampholytes are omitted, the analyte ions are not focused at their isoelectric point. The analytes are charged, leading to electrophoretic mobility uncharacteristic for CIEF. The method was tested for a five-protein-mixture at 0.02 mg/mL per protein and 0.05 mg/mL per protein. At the lower concentration, the analytes were stacked during the focusing process in only a limited length of the capillary. Therefore, the higher concentration led to better separation efficiency. It was found that at low concentration (0.20%) the carrier ampholytes could work as spacers. Though it led to sensitivity losses of 15-45%, this was compensated by the higher separation efficiencies seen. The method was evaluated with an eight-protein-mixture, of which all could be identified after performing MS/MS.     

Rotational symmetry breaking in small-area circular vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

We investigate theoretically the dynamics of three low-order transverse modes in a small-area vertical cavity surface emitting laser. We demonstrate the spontaneous breaking of axial symmetry of the transverse field distribution in such a device. In particular, we show that if the linewidth enhancement factor is sufficiently large dynamical regimes with broken axial symmetry can exist up to very high diffusion coefficients ~ 10 μm²/ns.     

Time- and frequency-domain measurements of carrier lifetimes in GaN epilayers

Results on time-resolved study of GaN photoluminescence (PL) in a power density range from 0.5 mW/cm² under CW excitation by ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) to 1 GW/cm² under pulsed excitation by YAG:Nd laser in the temperature range from 8 to 300 K are presented. Measurements of PL response in the frequency domain by using amplitude-modulated emission of a UV LED as well as time-resolved PL measurements using a streak camera and light-induced transient grating technique have been used in the study. Yellow luminescence (YL) intensity increases with increasing temperature up to 120 K and faster components in YL decay switch to slower components with increasing temperature under UV LED excitation. At low carrier densities, the trapping decreases the carrier lifetime below 250 ps, while the carrier lifetime in the same GaN sample under excitation ensuring saturation of the traps equals 2 ns.